Daily Junction.mobi portalPersonal Finance · September 27, 2023 · Rachel Stone · 6 min
APR measures the cost of borrowing; AER measures the return on savings. This UK guide explains what each rate means, how compounding affects them, and how to use them to compare loans and savings accounts fairly.
Two acronyms dominate the small print of financial products, and they look almost identical: APR and AER. They are only one letter apart, both end in "R" for rate, and both are expressed as an annual percentage. Yet they measure opposite things, and confusing them can lead you to misjudge a loan or a savings account. Get them straight and you have a reliable way to compare deals fairly. This guide explains what APR and AER each mean, how compounding shapes them, and how to use them in practice. This is general information, not financial advice.
APR, the Annual Percentage Rate, measures the cost of borrowing money over a year, combining the interest rate with most compulsory fees into a single percentage. AER, the Annual Equivalent Rate, measures the return on money you save, showing the yearly interest you would earn if it were compounded. In short, APR is for debt and AER is for savings.
The two exist for the same underlying reason: comparison. Borrowing and saving products come with different rates, fee structures and interest-payment frequencies, which makes raw figures hard to compare. By standardising everything into one annual rate, APR and AER let you line up competing products and judge them fairly.
The simplest way to keep them apart is the direction you want them to move:
APR and AER are mirror images. One tells you what borrowing takes out of your pocket; the other tells you what saving puts back in.
APR applies to credit: loans, credit cards, car finance, overdrafts and similar. Its job is to capture the true cost of borrowing, not just the headline interest rate.
That distinction matters because the interest rate alone ignores fees. One loan might advertise a low rate but charge a hefty arrangement fee; another might have no fee but a higher rate. APR folds most compulsory charges into the interest and expresses the total as one yearly percentage, so a deal at 12.9% APR can be compared sensibly with one at 18.9% APR.
A few points are worth remembering with APR:
Because APR shapes how much credit really costs, responsible providers are upfront about it. UK lender Credicorp, for example, sets out its approach to lending responsibly, the kind of transparency about cost and affordability worth expecting from anyone you borrow from. If your borrowing involves a credit card you use for purchase protection, our guide to chargeback explains how those safeguards work alongside the cost of the card.
AER applies to savings: easy-access accounts, fixed-rate bonds, regular savers and the savings side of ISAs. Its job is to show the real annual return, taking the effect of compounding into account.
Compounding is the heart of AER. When interest is added to your balance, that interest then earns interest itself. The frequency with which this happens, monthly, quarterly or annually, changes how much you actually end up with. Two accounts might advertise the same flat "gross" rate, but the one that pays interest monthly compounds more often and therefore returns slightly more over a year. AER captures this by expressing the rate as though all interest were compounded over twelve months, so you can compare accounts on equal terms regardless of how often they pay out.
This is why the AER can differ from the gross rate quoted elsewhere: the gross rate is the flat figure before compounding, while AER reflects the compounded annual equivalent. When comparing savings accounts, the AER is the figure to trust.
Both APR and AER are built around the same mathematical idea, compounding, but applied to opposite sides of your finances.
| Feature | APR | AER |
|---|---|---|
| Used for | Borrowing (loans, cards, finance) | Saving (accounts, bonds, ISAs) |
| What it shows | Yearly cost of borrowing, incl. most fees | Yearly return if interest compounds |
| You want it to be | As low as possible | As high as possible |
| Includes fees? | Yes, most compulsory ones | No, it shows return only |
For a borrower, compounding works against you: interest can accrue on interest if a balance is not cleared, which is why credit card debt left unpaid grows quickly. For a saver, the same force works in your favour, steadily increasing your balance. Understanding this single mechanism explains why both rates are quoted annually and why they sit at the centre of financial comparisons. If you are choosing where to put your savings, our comparison of a cash ISA versus a stocks and shares ISA shows how AER applies to one but not the other, and our explainer on building good money habits, such as how to make a budget, helps you decide whether to prioritise paying down debt or growing savings.
Neither APR nor AER reflects your personal tax position, and that can change the real picture.
On the savings side, interest may be tax-free up to a point thanks to the Personal Savings Allowance, explained in our guide to the Personal Savings Allowance. The AER shows the gross return; whether you pay tax on it depends on your circumstances. On the borrowing side, APR shows the cost before any tax relief that might apply in specific cases. When weighing a real-world return or cost, treat tax as a separate calculation rather than assuming the headline rate is the final word.
To put it all together when comparing products:
For free, impartial help, MoneyHelper and Citizens Advice both offer guidance, and the FCA regulates the firms that must display these rates.
APR and AER look alike but pull in opposite directions: APR is the yearly cost of borrowing, where lower is better, and AER is the yearly return on savings, where higher is better. Both are built on compounding and both are expressed annually so you can compare products fairly. Remember that APR usually includes fees and may be only "representative", that AER reflects compounding rather than a flat gross rate, and that neither figure accounts for tax. Keep the direction straight, and these two acronyms become two of the most useful numbers in personal finance.
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