Most resources are focused on enforcement (arrests and prosecutions) rather than prevention. Youth services, which could identify and support at-risk children before they are exploited, have been cut by 70% since 2010. Without investment in prevention, the supply of vulnerable children continues.
Many children involved in county lines are treated as criminals rather than victims. Police and courts often fail to recognise the signs of exploitation, leading to prosecutions that traumatise victims and push them further into criminality.
County lines exist because there is demand for drugs. Without addressing the underlying demand—through treatment, harm reduction, and drug policy reform—the market will continue to attract criminal gangs.
County lines drug operations exploit over 27,000 children in the UK, using violence and coercion to force them to transport drugs from cities to towns. The average county line generates £800,000 per year, making it highly profitable despite police disruption. Police have shut down 2,000 lines since 2019, but new lines quickly replace those closed. Victims are often from care homes, excluded from school, or living in poverty, making them vulnerable to exploitation. The government has invested in disruption operations and tougher sentences, but critics argue more is needed in prevention, safeguarding, and addressing the demand for drugs. The model remains resilient, and without sustained investment in protecting vulnerable children, county lines will continue to devastate communities.