<p>In the case of Nesterov and his fast gradient methods, this foundational work has been done in European institutions – yet the AI companies dominating the market are <a href="https://www.bcg.com/publications/2026/us-and-china-ai-strategy-causing-global-ai-divide">overwhelmingly based in the US or China</a>. It rankles when access to these models is then <a href="https://x.com/FT/status/2097545542955901020">restricted</a> by foreign companies and governments.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/291503/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p>
<p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/james-david-pickering-2753078">James David Pickering</a>, Assistant Professor in Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-leicester-1053">University of Leicester</a></em></span></p>
<p>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/who-should-own-the-knowledge-that-underpins-ai-technology-291503">original article</a>.</p> </div>